computer ka udhvab our vikash

 computer ka ikash 

1.1 abekas 

yah ek pracheen gadna  yantra hai jiska aviskar pracheen bebilon me anko ki gadna ke liye  kiya ggya tha ! ise sansar ka pratham gadak kaha jata hai ! isme taron ( wires) mw ggolakar manke ( beads ) piroyi jati hai ! jiski sahayta se gadna ko aashan banaya gya ! 

1.2 paskalain (pascaline) 

    phrans ke aditg blej paskal  ne 1642 me pratham yantrik gadna masheen ka avishkar kiya ! yah kebal jod ghata sakta thi ! ath ise ading masheen bhi kaha ya !

1.3 difference engine aur analytical engine